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  Trichocereus scopulicola RITTER spec. nov.


  Trichocereus scopulicolus RITTER

  Echinopsis scopulicola HORT


 Common name:Easter lily cactus” (Hewitt)

 Holotype

 Habitat

 Occurring at approximately 1000-1500 m.

  T. scopulicola was discovered by Friedrich RITTER

  It was said to have been renamed Echinopsis scopulicola (RITTER) Mottram according to Hunt 1999 but a reference for a published description has not yet been located.
  Personal communication with Roy Mottram (2001) indicated a description was neither published nor written. Apparently this is based solely on a comment made to the consensus inquiry expressing the opinion that Trichocereus scopulicola, as represented in horticulture, was in fact a species distinct from Trichocereus pachanoi.

  It and its close relatives need more professional study.


(Observations below are those of RITTER unless noted otherwise)

  Latin diagnosis (from RITTER 1966

  Dark green stems growing erect, up to 3-4 meters tall, 8-10 cm in diameter.
  [Said by Australian growers to commonly reach between 4-5 inches in diameter at maturity].
  Columns may be simple or else branching near the ground.
  “Impressive columnar cactus” (HEWITT), to 8 feet (2.4m) tall with spread of 3 feet (90 cm) (HEWITT), can reach over 3 meters in height and up to 15 cm in diameter (COLLECTORS CORNER).
  Dull green (RB) to dark green (TROUT) epidermis is thick & matte (HEWITT).
  Not glaucous; surface is rougher than T. pachanoi overall (except at growing tip) RB.
NMCR material grown from FR991 seeds showed glaucous patterns only at transition between recent and older growth. (TROUT)
  Under a 10X loupe the skin can be seen to be coarsely grainy (larger grains and wider spacing) in contrast to the fine & closely packed grains observable on T. pachanoi skin. (TROUT)
  The Mature plants have 4-6 ribs; usually 5. Branches showing more than 5 ribs will normally lose a rib as they grow.
  The ribs are up 3-4 cm across, broadly rounded and blunt, somewhat arched on the flanks; almost without indentations. While scopulicola lacks indentations or grooves above the areoles (causing the edges to have a smoother profile than T. pachanoi), it can develop sloping depressions under the areoles with age. (Snu VOOGELBREINDER; pers. comm.. 2000) The degree of bluntness to the ribs is said to be variable depending on watering according to VOOGELBREINDER.
  Branch tips are more club shaped than T. pachanoi. (RB)
  The grooves between the ribs are straight & even (RITTER), deep (HEWITT) & more indented than T. pachanoi (RB)
  The areoles are rounded to oval, low and somewhat sunken, with a little white felt. They are 1-3 mm long, 1 mm wide and set from 15 to almost 30 mm apart.
  Flowering areoles are circular and larger: around 4-5 mm in diameter.
  Larger plants can have approximately 3-5 spines per areole but they may be absent. Spines are brown, awl-like and only 1 mm long.

  [Spines are barely visible & nearly indistinguishable from those of T. pachanoi: RB (this is rather common on stock encountered in the US]

  Seedlings have 6-7 ribs with areoles from 1 to over 1.5 mm in diameter; set 3-5 mm apart. The areoles have 7-13 whitish or brownish spines, of which 1-2 are placed as centrals. Their 2-5 mm long spines are needle-shaped and whitish or brownish.

  Flowers are usually borne near the apex; sometimes lower. They are 16-20 cm long (Ritter)
  The flower is around 15 cm. (COLLECTORS CORNER )
  [white] flowers open up to 10 inches (25 cm) across (HEWITT); nocturnal flowers in summer.
  Flowers are white & fragrant; opening at night and remaining open during the cooler hours of the morning. (RITTER)
  Ovary is green, bearing many bracts with large podaria approx. 1 cm in diameter, upwardly running into 1-2 mm long greenish triangular scales, the axils bearing white woolly hairs, in addition there are black hairs above.
  The nectar chamber is brownish-white; surrounding the style very closely. It is around 2 cm in length and contains nectar.
  Floral tube is almost funnel-shaped; 6.5-8.5 cm long with the superior portion around 3 cm wide. It is light green inside and out. The scales are up to approximately 25 mm long and 15 mm wide. (Arranged in increasing size) Scales are green; the transition where passing into the calyx is reddish-brown.
There is also the presence of black with white frizzy-woolly hairs.
  Stamens are pale green lower and upwardly yellowish. They are 7-9 cm long (those of the hymen are 4-5 cm). They are inserted on a distance of approximately 4 cm.
  Anthers are brownish.
  The style is pale-green, 14-18 cm in length. Of this length, approximately 2 cm contains the 12 light-yellow & spreading stigma lobes.
  White petals are 6-8 cm long x 2.5-4 cm wide. The base is narrow; their tips are rounded, with or without small points. The upper portion is wider than the lower.
  Sepals are not as wide. They are white with a green mid-stripe.

  Begins to flower at 4 feet (1.2m) (HEWITT)

  Wooly flower bud (HEWITT)

  Delicious fruit is green, and 4.5 cm wide & long with a surface like the ovary.

  Seeds are almost kidney shaped. They are 1.8 mm long x 1.3 mm wide x 0.8mm thick. The surface is black, brilliant and lightly tubercled. The brownish hilium is oval and very inclined.
  It seeds readily in Australia. (COLLECTORS CORNER)

  An excellent grafting stock according to RITTER; A “good” grafting stock according to HEWITT.


  Description above was composed from:
  Friedrich RITTER1966 Cactus (Paris). Organe de l'Association Française des Amateurs de Cactus et Plantes Grasses. Paris. 21(87): 14-15. (includes a poor photo of stem with flower: on page 14)
  Friedrich RITTER 1980 Kakteen in Südamerika Volume 2: 563; fig. 443 (photo of flower but dark and showing little discernable detail of the body)
  Terry HEWITT 1997 The Complete Book of Cactus & Succulents (First publ. 1993) Entry page 70, has good picture of plant with flower and a dead flower. Small picture page 39.
  Collector’s Corner(Australia) [Correspondence relayed via two separate friends)
  “RB” (Relayed by MS SMITH Aug. 1998)
  (examination of available photos & living material obtained from NMCR from YARROW & ANONYMOUS & from MARGADARSI [originating with NMCR] and from Collector’s Corner (AKA Garden World) [provided by Snu VOOGELBREINDER]


  Published descriptions

  Friedrich RITTER1966 Cactus (Paris). Organe de l'Association Française des Amateurs de Cactus et Plantes Grasses. Paris. 21(87): 14-15. “Trichocereus scopulicola Ritter spec. nov.” [AKA “Cactus Paris”] (See an English “translation”)

  Friedrich RITTER 1980 Kakteen in Südamerika Volume 2: 563; fig. 443 (See an English “translation”)

  BACKEBERG 1977: p. 497, stated simply “T. scopulicolus Ritt. (FR991): no description available


  Photos published:

  HEWITT 1997 Entry on page 70, has good picture of plant with flower and a dead flower. Small picture page 39.

  RITTER a photo of stem with flower: 1966: 14 & 1980: fig. 443.

  [Photos & permission allowing us to include them below was very kindly provided by MSSmith, Dutchie & Snu]

  See also a nice color picture of nursery stock at:
  Gardenworld's Collectors's Corner
[at www.collectorscorner.com.au/Plants/Landscaping%20Pictures/JCPFS93.JPG] [This site and/or its server seems to periodically go down for long periods so try back if you can’t get through)

 
Cultivation comments



  Trichocereus scopulicola photo pages
  (USA)
  (grafted NMCR material)
  (NMCR close-up)
  (AUS)
  (Compared & to pachanoi)

  Comments on horticultural material in the US
  Comments on horticultural material in Australia

  RITTER felt that the type is closely related to Trichocereus bridgesii and closer still to the similar but more spiny Trichocereus crassicostatus RITTER spec. nov. [This appears to be a portion of a complex of similar Bolivian plants that is presently ill-defined.]


  Besides FR 991, there are two other “varieties” listed in cultivation:

  We have located no further information about either one as a variety of scopulicola.

  var. Rio Mizquensis Ritter (Bolivia) described T. riomizquiensis (FR 856) as being extremely similar to T. scopulicola but it is not presently clear if this is or is not actually synonymous as at least one company (NMCR) sells both.
 Our present suspicion is that they are synonyms.

  RITTER himself does not appear to have listed it as var. riomizquiensis.

  The only published photo labeled T. riomizquiensis that we have encountered to-date (in SATO 1996) does not resemble the NMCR material that is being sold under either name.

  Trichocereusscopulicolus var riomizquiensis photos

  Trichocereus riomizquiensis photos

  var Cordobensis B110

  Trichocereus cordobensis also exists in cultivation and does resemble scopulicola but thusfar I have not located a published description of either or a describer.
There is also an Echinopsis cordobensis in existance but it is a completely different plant.

  Trichocereus cordobensis photos


  There is also at least one known hybrid in cultivation (in Australia)

  It is believed to be Trichocereus scopulicola X Echinopsis subdenudata.


  Mention should be made of an odd picture featured in SATO 1996 labeled “scoprina”.

  This appears to be T. scopulicola but the origin of this odd name is presently a mystery. (The best guess may be reliance on a poorly handwritten or damaged label)

  It is given in quotation marks like the other 2 RITTER trichs that are included but unlike the rest of the trichs pictured.

  One of the other RITTER trichs that SATO pictures similarly appears to be misspelled (It most likely intended to indicate "crassicostatus".)

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